Worked example
A workshop makes 10 units per hour before machinery and 30 afterward with the same number of workers. Which change is directly shown?
Answer & why
Answer: increased output per hour
Measured hourly output rises from 10 to 30 units.
Grade 8 · Social studies
Analyze changes associated with industrialization
Interpret stated evidence about production, urban growth and working conditions without assuming one measure captures all experiences.
6 authored questions + worked example
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All questions
All 6 authored questions for this skill.
Question 1
Factory records show the usual workday rose from 9 to 11 hours. Which change is directly shown?
- insufficient evidence about every worker’s welfare
- longer working hours
- urban population growth
- increased output per hour
A hint
Identify the variable measured: output, population, hours or wages.
Answer & why
Answer: longer working hours
The documented workday increases by 2 hours.
Question 2
Only total factory output is recorded. Can the record establish that every worker’s welfare improved?
- longer working hours
- insufficient evidence about every worker’s welfare
- increased output per hour
- urban population growth
A hint
Identify the variable measured: output, population, hours or wages.
Answer & why
Answer: insufficient evidence about every worker’s welfare
Welfare also depends on pay, conditions, health, hours and other evidence not supplied.
Question 3
With the same workforce, production in one hour rises from 40 items to 55. Which change is directly shown?
- urban population growth
- insufficient evidence about every worker’s welfare
- increased output per hour
- longer working hours
A hint
Identify the variable measured: output, population, hours or wages.
Answer & why
Answer: increased output per hour
The hourly output increases by 15 items.
Question 4
A town’s resident count doubles as new factories open. Which measured change is directly stated?
- increased output per hour
- urban population growth
- longer working hours
- insufficient evidence about every worker’s welfare
A hint
Identify the variable measured: output, population, hours or wages.
Answer & why
Answer: urban population growth
The population count shows urban growth; it does not by itself establish every cause.
Question 5
A workshop makes 10 units per hour before machinery and 30 afterward with the same number of workers. Which change is directly shown?
- increased output per hour
- urban population growth
- longer working hours
- insufficient evidence about every worker’s welfare
A hint
Identify the variable measured: output, population, hours or wages.
Answer & why
Answer: increased output per hour
Measured hourly output rises from 10 to 30 units.
Question 6
A city’s population rises from 20,000 to 60,000 in the period studied. Which change is directly shown?
- longer working hours
- insufficient evidence about every worker’s welfare
- urban population growth
- increased output per hour
A hint
Identify the variable measured: output, population, hours or wages.
Answer & why
Answer: urban population growth
The number of city residents increases.